fig5

Figure 5. Current-driven dynamics of hopfions in designed nanostructures. Trajectory of hopfions in (A) nanostripe with a single notch. (B) “H-like” shaped nanostructures at J = -10 × 10¹¹ A·m^-2. (C) Current-driven transition from hopfion to toron in a stepped geometry at J = -10 × 10¹¹ A·m^-2. The cross-sectional spin textures in the xz plane show (D) a hopfion, (E) a distorted hopfion, and (F) a toron structure at different times.