fig2

Figure 2. (A) Illustration for the synthesis process of PCNNs-IHO by on-surface polymerization. (Reproduced with permission^[51]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH). (B) Schematic diagram of the molecular conjugation and directional crystallization processes of PTI polymer crystals in molten salts. (Reproduced with permission^[52]. Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH). (C) Schematic illustration of the formation of MCN via microwave heating. (Reproduced with permission^[14]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier). (D) Schematic illustration of the proposed formation mechanism of YPFCN. (Reproduced with permission^[31]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier).